Python Help Function
Python help function serves to provide assistance regarding the object that is passed to it during invocation. It accepts an optional parameter and returns relevant help information. Get in touch with our huge expert team we come up with original project ideas tailored to your needs. Python is examined as an important programming language that supports several major functions. For different Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, we suggest a few sample functions related to Python:
AI: A* Search Algorithm
import heapq
def a_star_search(start, goal, graph):
def heuristic(a, b):
return abs(a[0] – b[0]) + abs(a[1] – b[1])
open_set = []
heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, start))
came_from = {}
g_score = {node: float(‘inf’) for node in graph}
g_score[start] = 0
f_score = {node: float(‘inf’) for node in graph}
f_score[start] = heuristic(start, goal)
while open_set:
current = heapq.heappop(open_set)[1]
if current == goal:
path = []
while current in came_from:
path.append(current)
current = came_from[current]
path.append(start)
return path[::-1]
for neighbor in graph[current]:
tentative_g_score = g_score[current] + graph[current][neighbor]
if tentative_g_score < g_score[neighbor]:
came_from[neighbor] = current
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g_score
f_score[neighbor] = g_score[neighbor] + heuristic(neighbor, goal)
heapq.heappush(open_set, (f_score[neighbor], neighbor))
return None
# Example usage:
graph = {
(0, 0): {(1, 0): 1, (0, 1): 1},
(1, 0): {(1, 1): 1, (0, 0): 1},
(0, 1): {(1, 1): 1, (0, 0): 1},
(1, 1): {(1, 0): 1, (0, 1): 1}
}
start = (0, 0)
goal = (1, 1)
print(a_star_search(start, goal, graph))
ML: Linear Regression
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import numpy as np
def linear_regression(X, y):
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X, y)
return model
# Example usage:
X = np.array([[1], [2], [3], [4]])
y = np.array([2, 3, 5, 7])
model = linear_regression(X, y)
print(model.predict(np.array([[5]]))) # Predicting for a new value
DL: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Flatten, Dense
def create_cnn(input_shape, num_classes):
model = Sequential([
Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation=’relu’, input_shape=input_shape),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation=’relu’),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Flatten(),
Dense(64, activation=’relu’),
Dense(num_classes, activation=’softmax’)
])
model.compile(optimizer=’adam’, loss=’sparse_categorical_crossentropy’, metrics=[‘accuracy’])
return model
# Example usage:
input_shape = (28, 28, 1) # Example for MNIST dataset
num_classes = 10
cnn_model = create_cnn(input_shape, num_classes)
NLP: Sentiment Analysis using NLTK
from nltk.sentiment.vader import SentimentIntensityAnalyzer
def analyze_sentiment(text):
sia = SentimentIntensityAnalyzer()
return sia.polarity_scores(text)
# Example usage:
text = “Python is such an amazing programming language!”
print(analyze_sentiment(text))
RL: Q-Learning
import numpy as np
def q_learning(env, num_episodes, alpha, gamma, epsilon):
q_table = np.zeros((env.observation_space.n, env.action_space.n))
for episode in range(num_episodes):
state = env.reset()
done = False
while not done:
if np.random.uniform(0, 1) < epsilon:
action = env.action_space.sample()
else:
action = np.argmax(q_table[state, :])
next_state, reward, done, _ = env.step(action)
q_table[state, action] = q_table[state, action] + alpha * (reward + gamma * np.max(q_table[next_state, :]) – q_table[state, action])
state = next_state
return q_table
# Example usage:
# import gym
# env = gym.make(‘FrozenLake-v0’)
# q_table = q_learning(env, 10000, 0.1, 0.99, 0.1)
Time Series Analysis: ARIMA
from statsmodels.tsa.arima_model import ARIMA
def arima_forecasting(series, order):
model = ARIMA(series, order=order)
model_fit = model.fit(disp=0)
return model_fit
# Example usage:
import pandas as pd
series = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
order = (1, 1, 1)
model_fit = arima_forecasting(series, order)
print(model_fit.forecast(steps=5))
Python Thesis help
Data loading and preprocessing are considered as significant procedures that can be carried out with the aid of appropriate functions. In order to load and preprocess datasets across various domains such as computer vision, natural language processing, finance, healthcare, and others, we list out some important functions:
- Healthcare: MIMIC-III
import pandas as pd
def load_mimiciii(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as handling missing values, data type conversions, etc.
df.dropna(inplace=True)
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_mimiciii(‘path/to/MIMIC-III.csv’)
- Finance: Yahoo Finance API
import yfinance as yf
def load_yahoo_finance(ticker, start_date, end_date):
stock_data = yf.download(ticker, start=start_date, end=end_date)
# Perform necessary preprocessing here
stock_data.fillna(method=’ffill’, inplace=True)
return stock_data
# Example usage:
# df = load_yahoo_finance(‘AAPL’, ‘2020-01-01’, ‘2021-01-01’)
- Natural Language Processing: IMDb Movie Reviews
import pandas as pd
def load_imdb_reviews(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, delimiter=’\t’, quoting=3) # TSV file with no quotes
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as removing HTML tags, converting to lowercase, etc.
df[‘review’] = df[‘review’].str.replace(‘<[^<]+?>’, ”) # Remove HTML tags
df[‘review’] = df[‘review’].str.lower() # Convert to lowercase
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_imdb_reviews(‘path/to/IMDb_Reviews.csv’)
- Computer Vision: CIFAR-10
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
def load_cifar10():
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = cifar10.load_data()
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as normalization
train_images, test_images = train_images / 255.0, test_images / 255.0
return (train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels)
# Example usage:
# (train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = load_cifar10()
- Time Series: UCI Machine Learning Repository – Air Quality Dataset
import pandas as pd
def load_air_quality(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, sep=’;’, decimal=’,’)
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as handling missing values, converting data types, etc.
df.dropna(inplace=True)
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_air_quality(‘path/to/AirQualityUCI.csv’)
- Genomics: 1000 Genomes Project
import pandas as pd
def load_genomics_data(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, sep=’\t’)
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as handling missing values, data transformation, etc.
df.dropna(inplace=True)
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_genomics_data(‘path/to/1000Genomes.tsv’)
- Image Processing: CelebA Dataset
import pandas as pd
import os
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
def load_celeba(images_path, attributes_path):
attributes = pd.read_csv(attributes_path, delim_whitespace=True)
image_files = os.listdir(images_path)
images = []
for img_file in image_files:
img_path = os.path.join(images_path, img_file)
image = Image.open(img_path)
image = np.array(image)
images.append(image)
images = np.array(images)
return images, attributes
# Example usage:
# images, attributes = load_celeba(‘path/to/images/’, ‘path/to/list_attr_celeba.txt’)
- Reinforcement Learning: OpenAI Gym (e.g., CartPole)
import gym
def load_cartpole_env():
env = gym.make(‘CartPole-v1’)
return env
# Example usage:
# env = load_cartpole_env()
# env.reset()
# for _ in range(1000):
# env.render()
# action = env.action_space.sample()
# env.step(action)
# env.close()
- Sentiment Analysis: Sentiment140
import pandas as pd
def load_sentiment140(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, encoding=’latin1′, header=None)
df.columns = [‘polarity’, ‘id’, ‘date’, ‘query’, ‘user’, ‘text’]
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as removing unnecessary columns, handling text, etc.
df = df[[‘polarity’, ‘text’]]
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_sentiment140(‘path/to/Sentiment140.csv’)
- Environmental Data: NOAA Climate Data
import pandas as pd
def load_noaa_climate_data(file_path):
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
# Perform necessary preprocessing here, such as handling missing values, data transformation, etc.
df.dropna(inplace=True)
return df
# Example usage:
# df = load_noaa_climate_data(‘path/to/NOAA_Climate_Data.csv’)
Appropriate for diverse DL, ML, and AI algorithms, several important functions are listed out by us, along with sample codes. To carry out data loading and preprocessing procedures in various domains, we recommended different functions.
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