Cryptography is a technique used to protect private information from an unauthorized third party like the public through standard protocols. The main intention of this technique is to ensure information security in different aspects like non-repudiation, data privacy, data integrity, etc. If you searching for the best research, code development, and manuscript writing assistance for cryptography projects, then follow this page to get the truthful information!!!

And also, it acts as an intersection point of various fields such as electrical engineering, mathematics, computer science, and communication. Some of the important applications in modern cryptography are chip-embedded payment cards, system passwords, digital cryptocurrencies, military message tracking, etc.

Overview of Cryptography 

The technology that can maintain data in top-secret is known as cryptography. As mentioned earlier, it achieves user authentication, data reliability, data confidentiality, etc. By the by, these elements need more concentration in developing cryptography projects. 

What are the three basic operations in cryptography?

Now, we can see three significant operations of cryptography. For any kind of cryptography project, these three operations collectively create the base. As well, the three main operations are hashing, encryption and decryption.

When there is communication with third parties, the simple cryptographic method involves encryption and decryption processes. 

• In the encryption process, the plain text is converted into unreadable ciphertext. 
• In the decryption process, the ciphertext is converted back into readable plain text. 

These conversion processes are implemented by using the secret key and mathematical formula / cryptographic protocol. 

Our developers know all applicable ways to enhance the efficiency of these operations by smart approaches. Here, we have given you the fundamental procedure to execute cryptography projects. In this, we have mentioned essential basic cryptography operations that are followed by a basic cryptography structure.

General Procedure for Cryptography Projects 

• Collect black pixel number (N) in the fingerprint image
• Implement user-defined function to expand N (NOD = A x D x R)
• Define every alphabet by a large number (M)
• Acquire plain text and convert to ciphertext using function
• Once again apply a function to expand ciphertext
• Transmit ciphertext to the receiver
• Extract the ciphertext and identify the number used for every alphabet
• Based on identified convert cipher text into plain text

Well-Known Cryptographic Structures

• Data Encryption Standard (DES)
• Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
• Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Next, we can see the functional objectives of the cryptography technique. Generally, cryptography technology is designed to attain maximum security in communication information. 

Security is not a single thing to achieve directly instead security is composed of several factors. As well they are integrity, confidentiality, authentication, and non-repudiation. Here, we have included the purpose of all these factors in cryptography security. Further, the importance of these factors is already mentioned in the cryptography overview section. 

What are the four fundamental goals of cryptography?

• Integrity 
  • The receiver should receive unchanged information which needs to match with sender information
• Confidentiality
  • The persons who have access rights are only allowed to access information 
• Authentication
  • Both sender and receiver are required to confirm their credential information like username and password
  • Likewise, it also needs to verify the source and destination devices.
• Non-repudiation
  • The sender should not repudiate the actual purpose to send information 

Now, we can see the important cryptographic techniques. In general, there are 3 categories of cryptographic techniques which are approved by NIST. In particular, these techniques are differentiated by their key types, key size, and key numbers. Let’s see the main categories of cryptographic techniques in detail.

What are the 3 main types of cryptographic algorithms?

• Public-Key Cryptography
  • It uses two different cryptographic keys as private keys and public keys
  • It freely distributes public key in the network but secretly maintains paired private key
  • It uses the public key to implement the encryption process
  • It uses a private key to execute the decryption process
• Hash Functions
  • It does not use any cryptographic key 
  • It has an only fixed-size hash value which is computed from plain text
  • It is tough to recover the original content of the plain text by third parties
  • It is used in the various operating systems to encode system password 
• Symmetric-key Cryptography
  • It is similar to public-key cryptography but the use of the single key on sender and receiver sides
  • The key used by the sender to encrypt data is used by the receiver to decrypt data for recovering the original text

As mentioned earlier, there are four fundamental cryptography goals in information security. In addition to those four goals, other elements need to concentrate on cryptography projects. Since these elements may affect the information usability effectiveness. As well, the other elements are lack of resource availability, security, lack of accessibility, system design, cost/time, and selective access control. Let’s have a quick look over those elements in detail. 

Research Issues in Cryptography 

• Lack of Resource Availability
  • Due to information system breakdown / DoS attack, there may be a chance of resource unreachability
• Lack of Security 
  • Mathematical operations of cryptographic techniques may cause high computation
  • So, it is required to minimize the computing power consumption
• Lack of Accessibility
  • If the network is fully compromised or partially affected by attacks, then it is tough for legal users to gain accessibility
  • For instance: network intrusion
• Cost and Time 
  • Processing and storing of information may take more time
  • Maintenance of public key infrastructure may be expensive for a real-world scenario
• Poor System Design
  • Lack of security measures in designing system protocols and algorithms
  • Need to create defensive infrastructure for effective design 
• Selective Access Control 
  • Not directly take parts in cryptography 
  • Limit the access right for administrative control purposes
  • Lack of efficient access control mechanisms

In addition, we have also given you some major security attacks in cryptography. All these attacks are commonly found in many cryptography projects. We are smart not only in identifying cryptography attacks but also well-versed in finding solutions. We have best-fitting defensive measures for all these attacks. 

By the way, we also support you in other newly emerging cryptography attacks. To know other security vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks in cryptography security, just communicate with us. 

Attacks mitigated using Cryptography Techniques 

• Cryptographic Attacks
  • Stream Cipher Attack
  • Birthday Attack
  • Brute-force Attack
  • Block Cipher Attack (Symmetric)
  • Hash Function Attack
  • Man-in-the-Middle Attack
  • Message Authentication Code Attack
• Cryptanalytic Attacks
  • Chosen-plaintext / ciphertext Attack
  • Cipher-text only Attack
  • Adaptive-chosen-plaintext / ciphertext Attack
  • Known-plaintext Attack

Cryptographic Algorithms

Symmetric Key Algorithm

At first, plain text will be encrypted on the sender side by using the shared secret key and transferring the encrypted data with a key to the receiver. Although data is shared over an insecure communication channel, this method protects the data by encryption method. At last, encrypted data will be decrypted in receiver side text by using distributed secret key. Overall, the original plain text is encrypted and decrypted using the same shared key. 

• For instance: 
  • Algorithms – AES and DES
  • Key Sizes – 192 bits, 64 bits, or 128 bits

Further, symmetric key algorithms are classified into two major types as stream cipher and block cipher. We are here to support you in both types of symmetric algorithms to meet current cryptography projects requirements. 

• Stream Ciphers
  • In this, it does not follow the block concept but instead performs 1 byte / bit conversion over data 
• Block Ciphers
  • In this, it follows fixed-size of blocks for performing encryption
  • Cryptographic techniques are executed over larger data by frequent use of low-level encryption method
  • When the data length is not fit to block size, expand the block size boundary

Besides, we have also listed out few fundamental cryptography techniques in all the basic types of cryptography as hashing, symmetric and asymmetric. Our developers have continuous practice in all these techniques to accomplish the best experimental results. Generally, each technique/algorithm has its features and functionalities to perform a particular task. 

Our developers know the purposes of all the techniques to suggest suitable solutions for your selected research problem in the cryptography field. Moreover, we are also working on other growing techniques of cryptography to yield advanced solutions. 

Cryptography Security Mechanisms

• Hashing Cryptographic Techniques
  • Keccak 
  • CubeHash 
  • Streebog Hashing
  • Skein
  • Blake3 and Blake2 
• Public Key Cryptography (PKC)
  • Manometry Curve
  • Anonymous Certificates 
  • Edwards Curve
  • Pseudonym Models
  • Four-Q Curve 
  • E-License Plates
• Symmetric Key Cryptography (SKC)
  • TEA
  • HMAC
  • Hummingbird 2
  • Pure SKC
  • XTEA 
  • SKC and PKC Hybrid
  • Present and Pride

In recent days, lightweight cryptography is gaining more attention in several research fields. Since, it is a type of encryption technique with many unique features like simplicity, low complex computation, low resource usage, etc. To manage constrained devices, it is specifically introduced. Further, it also relates to international standards which are currently undergoing.

How does lightweight cryptography work?

The usability of resource-constrained devices is increasing more in the current modern world. These types of devices have limited battery power, memory, lifespan, and other resources. So, it is required to extend the lifespan of resource-constrained devices by controlling resource usage. This lightweight cryptography technique is intentionally designed to meet all these requirements. Specifically, it focuses on low (power, memory, and computing resource) and high (battery span and security. In comparison with other traditional cryptographic techniques, lightweight cryptography projects are easy and fast to execute. Here, we have given you some primary lightweight algorithms in cryptography. 

Latest Lightweight Cryptography Algorithms

• Lightweight Hash Functions
  • GLUON 
  • SPOMGENT
  • SPN-Hash / SipHash 
  • Lesamnta-LW
  • PHOTON
  • D-Quark / S-Quark 
• Lightweight Block Ciphers
  • KLEIN 
  • AES 
  • Robin 
  • LBlock
  • RC6 / RC5
  • SIMECK 
  • KINNY 
  • Chaskey Cipher
• Lightweight Stream Ciphers
  • F-FCSR 16 v3 
  • Snow 3G 
  • MICKEY v2
  • ChaCha with Grain
  • Trivium 
  • A5/1 with E0
  • F-FCSR-H v3

Now, we can see the popular research areas of cryptography projects. Our field experts have recommended all these areas from our latest collections. From our experience, we found that the following areas gain more attraction from both final year students and research scholars. Since research in today’s world is majorly depends on these areas.

 Also, these areas provide you broad research platform which has an infinite number of research ideas. Further, we have also collected numerous research ideas which are sure to create revolutionary changes in all these areas. Once you are ready to share your desired research area, we provide you list of innovations in your demanded cryptography areas. 

Latest Research Areas in Cryptography 

• 5G Vehicle-to-Everything
• Software Defined Network 
• Mobile Edge Computing
• Green-IoT Communication 
• Internet of Things (IoT) / Industrial IoT
• Fog Cloud Computing
• Wireless Heterogeneous Networks 
• Machine-to-Machine Communication
• Mobile / Cellular Communication
• Device to Device Communication
• Networks Intrusion Prevention (Insider and Outsider)
• Smart Cities, Smart Grid and other Smart Environs

Moreover, we have also given you some different cryptography sub-fields that every scholar is focusing on in cryptography study. Our developers have come across unlimited projects in all these branches. So, we know both current and future research areas of cryptography projects in all these areas. Based on your research interest, we let you know our latest research findings in these cryptography branches. Further, we also acquired knowledge of all advanced technologies (techniques and algorithms) of these branches to provide you with smart research solutions. 

Major Cryptography Branches

• Hashing 
• Lightweight Cryptography
• Digital Signatures
• Cryptography and network security
• Steganography 
• Multivariate Cryptography
• Watermarking 
• Visual Crypto Systems
• Proxy Re-encryption 
• Image Steganography Project 
• Post-Quantum Cryptography
• Quantum Cryptography

To sum up, we are passionate to support you in the desired research area of the cryptography field from topic selection to project documentation. In between these two stages, we assist you to formulate unique research problems with appropriate solutions for latest research topics in cryptography, development technologies, and dataset selection and code execution. 

For research scholars, we give add-on services as proposal writing, paper writing, and paper publication on top journals. Overall, we also give you supplementary materials like implementation plan of cryptography projects, system requirements, tool installation instruction, project demo video, running procedure, and execution screenshots. So, we hope that you will create a bond with us to achieve your research goal line.